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Cited by 419Mosquito-borne diseases and controlViral Infections and VectorsVector-Borne Animal Diseases

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Effects of Temperature on the Transmission of West Nile Virus by Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae)

Reisen, William K., Fang, Ying, Martinez, Vincent M.·2006·Journal of Medical Entomology
DOI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)043[0309:eotott]2.0.co;2
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Abstract

Culex tarsalis Coquillett females were infected with the NY99 strain of West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) and then incubated under constant temperatures of 10-30 degrees C. At selected time intervals, transmission was attempted using an in vitro capillary tube assay. The median time from imbibing an infectious bloodmeal until infected females transmitted WNV (median extrinsic incubation period, EIP50) was estimated by probit analysis. By regressing the EIP rate (inverse of EIP50) as a function of temperature from 14 to 30 degrees C, the EIP was estimated to require 109 degree-days (DD) and the point of zero virus development (x-intercept) was estimated to be 14.3 degrees C. The resulting degree-day model showed that the NY99 WNV strain responded to temperature differently than a lineage II strain of WNV from South Africa and approximated our previous estimates for St. Louis encephalitis virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, SLEV). The invading NY99 WNV strain therefore required warm temperatures for efficient transmission. The time for completion of the EIP was estimated monthly from temperatures recorded at Coachella Valley, Los Angeles, and Kern County, California, during the 2004 epidemic year and related to the duration of the Cx. tarsalis gonotrophic cycle and measures of WNV activity. Enzootic WNV activity commenced after temperatures increased, the duration of the EIP decreased, and virus potentially was transmitted in two or less gon…

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Metadata

Authors
Reisen, W. K., Fang, Y., & Martinez, V. M.
Affiliations
University of California, Davis (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Medical Entomology
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2006-03-01
Volume
43
Issue
2
Pages
309-317
ISSN
0022-2585 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1603/0022-2585(2006)043[0309:eotott]2.0.co;2
OpenAlex
W2174439173
Cited by
419
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 26
FWCI
22.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Medical Entomology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01ai055607-09)
  • Goddard Space Flight Center
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (1-R01-AI55607)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Vectors
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
Keywords
West Nile virus, Culex tarsalis, temperature effects on transmission, extrinsic incubation period, degree-day model, St. Louis encephalitis virus, vector competence, Kern County, virus dispersal
MeSH terms
Animals, California, Culex, Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis, Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine, Female, Insect Vectors, Regression Analysis, Saliva, Seasons, Temperature, Time Factors, West Nile Fever, West Nile virus

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Effects of Temperature on the Transmission of West Nile Virus by Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1603/0022-2585(2006)043%5B0309:eotott%5D2.0.co;2
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Reisen, W. K., Fang, Y., & Martinez, V. M. (2006). Effects of Temperature on the Transmission of West Nile Virus by Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Medical Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585(2006)043%5B0309%3Aeotott%5D2.0.co%3B2